Oracle Data Pump in Oracle Database 10g

Oracle Data Pump is een nieuwere, snellere en een meer flexibel alternatief voor de exp en imp utilities die in vorige versie van Oracle werden gebruikt. Naast de basis import en export functionaliteit voorziet data pump in een PL/SQL API en ondersteuning voor externe tabellen.

Starten
Tabel Exports/Imports
Schema Exports/Imports
Database Exports/Imports
Overige Informatie
Data Pump API
Externe Tabellen
Help

Starten

Om de voorbeelden te laten werken zullen we eerst een object directory creëren die SCOTT kan benaderen:

CONN sys/password@db10g AS SYSDBA
GRANT CREATE ANY DIRECTORY TO scott;

CREATE OR REPLACE DIRECTORY test_dir AS '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/';
GRANT READ, WRITE ON DIRECTORY test_dir TO scott;

Tabel Exports/Imports

De TABLES parameter wordt gebruikt om tabellen te specificeren die geexporteerd moeten worden:

expdp scott/tiger@db10g tables=EMP,DEPT directory=TEST_DIR dumpfile=EMP_DEPT.dmp logfile=expdpEMP_DEPT.log

impdp scott/tiger@db10g tables=EMP,DEPT directory=TEST_DIR dumpfile=EMP_DEPT.dmp logfile=impdpEMP_DEPT.log

DeTABLE_EXISTS_ACTION=APPEND parameter stelt je in staat om data te importeren in bestaande tabellen.

Schema Exports/Imports

De OWNER parameter van exp is vervangen voor de SCHEMAS parameter welke gebruikt wordt om schema's die geëxporteerd moeten worden te specificeren:

Voorbeeld van een export en import syntax:

expdp scott/tiger@db10g schemas=SCOTT directory=TEST_DIR dumpfile=SCOTT.dmp logfile=expdpSCOTT.log

impdp scott/tiger@db10g schemas=SCOTT directory=TEST_DIR dumpfile=SCOTT.dmp logfile=impdpSCOTT.log

Database Exports/Imports

De FULL parameter geeft aan dat je een complete database export wil.

Een voorbeel van een full export en import syntax:

expdp system/password@db10g full=Y directory=TEST_DIR dumpfile=DB10G.dmp logfile=expdpDB10G.log

impdp system/password@db10g full=Y directory=TEST_DIR dumpfile=DB10G.dmp logfile=impdpDB10G.log

Overige Informatie

In tegenstelling tot de originele exp en imp utilities, worden al de data pump ".dmp" en".log" files gecreëerd op de Oracle server, niet op de cliënt machine.

Alle data pump acties worden door meerdere jobs uitgevoerd (servers processen geen DBMS_JOB jobs). Deze jobs voeren de regie over een hoofd proces die gebruik maakt van Advanced Queuing. Tijdens uitvoer wordt er een advanced queue tabel, genoemd naar de job naam, aangemaakt en gebruikt door het hoofd proces. De tabel wordt na eindigen van de datapump job gedropt. De Job en de advanced queue kunnen benoemd worden met de JOB_NAME parameter. Indien het cliënt proces gestopt wordt zal de bijbehorende data pump job niet stoppen. Uitvoeren van een "ctrl+c" op de cliënt stopt de cliënt output en komt met een command prompt. Met het typen van "status" op de prompt kan je de huidige job monitoren:

Export> status

Job: SYS_EXPORT_FULL_01
  Operation: EXPORT
  Mode: FULL
  State: EXECUTING
  Bytes Processed: 0
  Current Parallelism: 1
  Job Error Count: 0
  Dump File: D:TEMPDB10G.DMP
    bytes written: 4,096

Worker 1 Status:
  State: EXECUTING
  Object Schema: SYSMAN
  Object Name: MGMT_CONTAINER_CRED_ARRAY
  Object Type: DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TYPE/TYPE_SPEC
  Completed Objects: 261
  Total Objects: 261

Data pump performance kan verbeterd worden door gebruik te maken van de PARALLEL parameter. Dit zou gebruikt moeten worden in combinatie met de "%U" wildcard in de DUMPFILE parameter zodat meerdere dumpfiles gemaakt kunnen worden of gelezen.

expdp scott/tiger@db10g schemas=SCOTT directory=TEST_DIR parallel=4 dumpfile=SCOTT_%U.dmp logfile=expdpSCOTT.log

De DBA_DATAPUMP_JOBS view kan gebruikt worden om de huidige jobs te monitoren:

system@db10g> select * from dba_datapump_jobs;

OWNER_NAME                     JOB_NAME                       OPERATION
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------
JOB_MODE                       STATE                              DEGREE ATTACHED_SESSIONS
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ---------- -----------------
SYSTEM                         SYS_EXPORT_FULL_01             EXPORT
FULL                           EXECUTING                               1                 1

De INCLUDE en EXCLUDE parameters kan bebruikt worden om de export/import te limiteren tot bepaalde objecten. Als de INCLUDE parameter wordt gebruikt worden alleen die objecten in de export meegenomen die ook gespecificeerd zijn. Als de EXCLUDE parameter wordt gebruikt zullen alle objecten meegenomen worden in de export behalve die worden gespecificeerd:

expdp scott/tiger@db10g schemas=SCOTT include=TABLE:"IN ('EMP', 'DEPT')" directory=TEST_DIR dumpfile=SCOTT.dmp logfile=expdpSCOTT.log

expdp scott/tiger@db10g schemas=SCOTT exclude=TABLE:"= 'BONUS'" directory=TEST_DIR dumpfile=SCOTT.dmp logfile=expdpSCOTT.log

Data Pump API

Met de data pump utilities zorgt Oracle voor een PL/SQL API. Onder een voorbeeld hoe deze API gebruikt kan worden om een schema export te maken:

SET SERVEROUTPUT ON SIZE 1000000
DECLARE
  l_dp_handle       NUMBER;
  l_last_job_state  VARCHAR2(30) := 'UNDEFINED';
  l_job_state       VARCHAR2(30) := 'UNDEFINED';
  l_sts             KU$_STATUS;
BEGIN
  l_dp_handle := DBMS_DATAPUMP.open(
    operation   => 'EXPORT',
    job_mode    => 'SCHEMA',
    remote_link => NULL,
    job_name    => 'EMP_EXPORT',
    version     => 'LATEST');

  DBMS_DATAPUMP.add_file(
    handle    => l_dp_handle,
    filename  => 'SCOTT.dmp',
    directory => 'TEST_DIR');

  DBMS_DATAPUMP.add_file(
    handle    => l_dp_handle,
    filename  => 'SCOTT.log',
    directory => 'TEST_DIR',
    filetype  => DBMS_DATAPUMP.KU$_FILE_TYPE_LOG_FILE);

  DBMS_DATAPUMP.metadata_filter(
    handle => l_dp_handle,
    name   => 'SCHEMA_EXPR',
    value  => '= ''SCOTT''');

  DBMS_DATAPUMP.start_job(l_dp_handle);

  DBMS_DATAPUMP.detach(l_dp_handle);
END;
/

Als de Job eenmaal gestart is kan de status bekeken worden met:

system@db10g> select * from dba_datapump_jobs;

Externe Tabellen

Oracle heeft support voor pump technieken in externe tabellen meegeleverd. De ORACLE_DATAPUMP access driver kan gebruikt worden om data te uit te laden in data pump export files en deze daarna weer herladen. Het uit laden van data gebeurd als de externe tabel is gecreëerd met de "AS" clause:

CREATE TABLE emp_xt
  ORGANIZATION EXTERNAL
   (
     TYPE ORACLE_DATAPUMP
     DEFAULT DIRECTORY test_dir
     LOCATION ('emp_xt.dmp')
   )
   AS SELECT * FROM emp;

De data kan bekeken worden met:

SELECT * FROM emp_xt;

De syntaxis om een externe tabel te creëren die naar een bestaande file wijst is gelijk maar zonder de "AS" clause:

DROP TABLE emp_xt;

CREATE TABLE emp_xt (
  EMPNO     NUMBER(4),
  ENAME     VARCHAR2(10),
  JOB       VARCHAR2(9),
  MGR       NUMBER(4),
  HIREDATE  DATE,
  SAL       NUMBER(7,2),
  COMM      NUMBER(7,2),
  DEPTNO    NUMBER(2))
  ORGANIZATION EXTERNAL (
     TYPE ORACLE_DATAPUMP
     DEFAULT DIRECTORY test_dir
     LOCATION ('emp_xt.dmp')
  );

SELECT * FROM emp_xt;

Help

De HELP=Y optie laat de beschikbare parameters zien:

expdp help=y

Export: Release 10.1.0.2.0 - Production on Tuesday, 23 March, 2004 8:33

Copyright (c) 2003, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


The Data Pump export utility provides a mechanism for transferring data objects
between Oracle databases. The utility is invoked with the following command:

   Example: expdp scott/tiger DIRECTORY=dmpdir DUMPFILE=scott.dmp

You can control how Export runs by entering the 'expdp' command followed
by various parameters. To specify parameters, you use keywords:

   Format:  expdp KEYWORD=value or KEYWORD=(value1,value2,...,valueN)
   Example: expdp scott/tiger DUMPFILE=scott.dmp DIRECTORY=dmpdir SCHEMAS=scott
               or TABLES=(T1:P1,T1:P2), if T1 is partitioned table

USERID must be the first parameter on the command line.

Keyword               Description (Default)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ATTACH                Attach to existing job, e.g. ATTACH [=job name].
CONTENT               Specifies data to unload where the valid keywords are:
                      (ALL), DATA_ONLY, and METADATA_ONLY.
DIRECTORY             Directory object to be used for dumpfiles and logfiles.
DUMPFILE              List of destination dump files (expdat.dmp),
                      e.g. DUMPFILE=scott1.dmp, scott2.dmp, dmpdir:scott3.dmp.
ESTIMATE              Calculate job estimates where the valid keywords are:
                      (BLOCKS) and STATISTICS.
ESTIMATE_ONLY         Calculate job estimates without performing the export.
EXCLUDE               Exclude specific object types, e.g. EXCLUDE=TABLE:EMP.
FILESIZE              Specify the size of each dumpfile in units of bytes.
FLASHBACK_SCN         SCN used to set session snapshot back to.
FLASHBACK_TIME        Time used to get the SCN closest to the specified time.
FULL                  Export entire database (N).
HELP                  Display Help messages (N).
INCLUDE               Include specific object types, e.g. INCLUDE=TABLE_DATA.
JOB_NAME              Name of export job to create.
LOGFILE               Log file name (export.log).
NETWORK_LINK          Name of remote database link to the source system.
NOLOGFILE             Do not write logfile (N).
PARALLEL              Change the number of active workers for current job.
PARFILE               Specify parameter file.
QUERY                 Predicate clause used to export a subset of a table.
SCHEMAS               List of schemas to export (login schema).
STATUS                Frequency (secs) job status is to be monitored where
                      the default (0) will show new status when available.
TABLES                Identifies a list of tables to export - one schema only.
TABLESPACES           Identifies a list of tablespaces to export.
TRANSPORT_FULL_CHECK  Verify storage segments of all tables (N).
TRANSPORT_TABLESPACES List of tablespaces from which metadata will be unloaded.
VERSION               Version of objects to export where valid keywords are:
                      (COMPATIBLE), LATEST, or any valid database version.

The following commands are valid while in interactive mode.
Note: abbreviations are allowed

Command               Description
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ADD_FILE              Add dumpfile to dumpfile set.
                      ADD_FILE=dumpfile-name
CONTINUE_CLIENT       Return to logging mode. Job will be re-started if idle.
EXIT_CLIENT           Quit client session and leave job running.
HELP                  Summarize interactive commands.
KILL_JOB              Detach and delete job.
PARALLEL              Change the number of active workers for current job.
                      PARALLEL=.
START_JOB             Start/resume current job.
STATUS                Frequency (secs) job status is to be monitored where
                      the default (0) will show new status when available.
                      STATUS=[interval]
STOP_JOB              Orderly shutdown of job execution and exits the client.
                      STOP_JOB=IMMEDIATE performs an immediate shutdown of the
                      Data Pump job.



impdp help=y

Import: Release 10.1.0.2.0 - Production on Saturday, 11 September, 2004 17:22

Copyright (c) 2003, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


The Data Pump Import utility provides a mechanism for transferring data objects
between Oracle databases. The utility is invoked with the following command:

     Example: impdp scott/tiger DIRECTORY=dmpdir DUMPFILE=scott.dmp

You can control how Import runs by entering the 'impdp' command followed
by various parameters. To specify parameters, you use keywords:

     Format:  impdp KEYWORD=value or KEYWORD=(value1,value2,...,valueN)
     Example: impdp scott/tiger DIRECTORY=dmpdir DUMPFILE=scott.dmp

USERID must be the first parameter on the command line.

Keyword               Description (Default)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ATTACH                Attach to existing job, e.g. ATTACH [=job name].
CONTENT               Specifies data to load where the valid keywords are:
                      (ALL), DATA_ONLY, and METADATA_ONLY.
DIRECTORY             Directory object to be used for dump, log, and sql files.
DUMPFILE              List of dumpfiles to import from (expdat.dmp),
                      e.g. DUMPFILE=scott1.dmp, scott2.dmp, dmpdir:scott3.dmp.
ESTIMATE              Calculate job estimates where the valid keywords are:
                      (BLOCKS) and STATISTICS.
EXCLUDE               Exclude specific object types, e.g. EXCLUDE=TABLE:EMP.
FLASHBACK_SCN         SCN used to set session snapshot back to.
FLASHBACK_TIME        Time used to get the SCN closest to the specified time.
FULL                  Import everything from source (Y).
HELP                  Display help messages (N).
INCLUDE               Include specific object types, e.g. INCLUDE=TABLE_DATA.
JOB_NAME              Name of import job to create.
LOGFILE               Log file name (import.log).
NETWORK_LINK          Name of remote database link to the source system.
NOLOGFILE             Do not write logfile.
PARALLEL              Change the number of active workers for current job.
PARFILE               Specify parameter file.
QUERY                 Predicate clause used to import a subset of a table.
REMAP_DATAFILE        Redefine datafile references in all DDL statements.
REMAP_SCHEMA          Objects from one schema are loaded into another schema.
REMAP_TABLESPACE      Tablespace object are remapped to another tablespace.
REUSE_DATAFILES       Tablespace will be initialized if it already exists (N).
SCHEMAS               List of schemas to import.
SKIP_UNUSABLE_INDEXES Skip indexes that were set to the Index Unusable state.
SQLFILE               Write all the SQL DDL to a specified file.
STATUS                Frequency (secs) job status is to be monitored where
                      the default (0) will show new status when available.
STREAMS_CONFIGURATION Enable the loading of Streams metadata
TABLE_EXISTS_ACTION   Action to take if imported object already exists.
                      Valid keywords: (SKIP), APPEND, REPLACE and TRUNCATE.
TABLES                Identifies a list of tables to import.
TABLESPACES           Identifies a list of tablespaces to import.
TRANSFORM             Metadata transform to apply (Y/N) to specific objects.
                      Valid transform keywords: SEGMENT_ATTRIBUTES and STORAGE.
                      ex. TRANSFORM=SEGMENT_ATTRIBUTES:N:TABLE.
TRANSPORT_DATAFILES   List of datafiles to be imported by transportable mode.
TRANSPORT_FULL_CHECK  Verify storage segments of all tables (N).
TRANSPORT_TABLESPACES List of tablespaces from which metadata will be loaded.
                      Only valid in NETWORK_LINK mode import operations.
VERSION               Version of objects to export where valid keywords are:
                      (COMPATIBLE), LATEST, or any valid database version.
                      Only valid for NETWORK_LINK and SQLFILE.

The following commands are valid while in interactive mode.
Note: abbreviations are allowed

Command               Description (Default)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CONTINUE_CLIENT       Return to logging mode. Job will be re-started if idle.
EXIT_CLIENT           Quit client session and leave job running.
HELP                  Summarize interactive commands.
KILL_JOB              Detach and delete job.
PARALLEL              Change the number of active workers for current job.
                      PARALLEL=.
START_JOB             Start/resume current job.
                      START_JOB=SKIP_CURRENT will start the job after skipping
                      any action which was in progress when job was stopped.
STATUS                Frequency (secs) job status is to be monitored where
                      the default (0) will show new status when available.
                      STATUS=[interval]
STOP_JOB              Orderly shutdown of job execution and exits the client.
                      STOP_JOB=IMMEDIATE performs an immediate shutdown of the
                      Data Pump job.

Zie ook dpdump over het netwerk

Advertentie

Poll

Voorkeur

	Oracle
	Sybase
	MySQL
	SQL Server
	Anders